Exploring a Co-Designed Approach for Healthcare Quality Improvement-Learning Through Developmental Evaluation

Background: Healthcare setting teams were challenged to understand how and what to measure regarding healthcare quality improvement (HQI), who should be involved, and what approach to apply. We aimed to determine if a generic co-design approach involving patients/families, multi-disciplinary care providers, and other staff was feasible to apply for HQI across diverse care settings. Developmental evaluation embedded in the co-design approach would determine its effectiveness, challenges, and other experiences across care settings and teams. Methods: Twenty-two acute and community care settings agreed to participate in applying a phased co-design approach to their HQI initiatives, including developmental evaluation. Each care setting team received co-design orientation and support. Semi-structured interviews and focus groups were conducted with patient/family advisors (PFAs) and care setting staff/care providers to gather their experiences with the co-design approach applied to their phased HQI work. Transcripts were thematically analyzed and triangulated with observation notes of care setting team discussions. Experiences were gathered from 17 PFAs and 68 staff/care providers across the 22 participating healthcare settings. Results: Themes for the orientation and each phase emphasized the importance of participants' understanding, engagement, and ongoing open communication throughout the HQI co-design process. The orientation was viewed as key to facilitating good outcomes. Participants valued working together, gathering real-time experiences to "make a difference", and having PFA voices involved in co-designing the HQI initiatives. Challenges were identified, including time commitment. Conclusions: Based on the overall developmental evaluation findings, there was consensus that a generic co-design of HQI initiatives was effective, feasible, and sustainable across care settings.