Redox medicine in viral infections: focus on AIDS and COVID-19

Despite the great progress and advancements in scientific knowledge, technology, and medicine, viral infections continue to put human health in trouble. Both acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by human immunodeficiency virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, two RNA viruses responsible for global pandemics, respectively, have poor outcomes associated with increased oxidative stress, systemic inflammation, and immunopathology. Here, we have collected the current knowledge linking both viral infections, focusing on the role of oxidative stress and the redox balance. Furthermore, we provide information on some redox-active compounds, such as vitamins, thiol-based agents, and polyphenols, and their possible beneficial effects on both diseases. Thus, in this review, we aim to highlight the importance and impact of nutritional strategies to strengthen our immune system, especially to increase the effectiveness of pharmacological treatments, or when there are no effective treatments.