Multi-role of K3V2(PO4)3/C nanocomposite as high-potential cathode materials for potassium ion battery with, antibacterial agent and visible-light-driven photocatalyst

Potassium-ion batteries are gaining popularity as viable options for economical and ecological energy storage systems. The advancement of potassium-ion batteries is sluggish owing to the substantial size of potassium ions, which complicates the design of suitable host materials. A hybrid of K3V2(PO4)3 (KVP) integrated with amorphous carbon (KVP/C) was synthesized using a simple organic-assisted approach. The samples' structural, morphological, and textural features were examined using XRD, FESEM, Raman spectroscopy, N2 isotherm, and XPS analysis. The K3V2(PO4)3/C bundled nanowires (BNS), characterized by a very stable framework, nano- porous structure, and conductive carbon covering, exhibit exceptional electrochemical performance in sodium- ion batteries. A consistent capacity of 125 mAh g- 1 may be attained at a rate of 100 mA g- 1. At a current density of 2000 mA g- 1, 97.2 % of the capacity is preserved after 5000 charge-discharge cycles. In comparison to KVP, the KVP/C BNS has markedly enhanced cycle stability. This study presents a simple and efficient method to improve the electrochemical performance of sodium-ion batteries. Following 60 min of direct solar illumination, the K3V2(PO4)3/C sample exhibited superior photodegradation efficiency against tetracycline (TC) antibiotics (92.7 % degradation), Rhodamine B (90.5 % degradation), methylene blue (88.5 % degradation), safranin-O (SO) (84.5 % degradation), and methyl red (MR) dyes (79.5 % degradation). It exhibited a greater zone of inhibitory activity (ZOI) against Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The recyclability trials with the K3V2(PO4)3/C catalyst shown improved durability through the fifth cycle. The findings of this research indicate that KVP nanoparticles may be beneficial across several fields, including antimicrobial materials, photocatalysis, and energy.