Gain and Impedance Bandwidth Enhancement of a Loop Antenna for X-Band Applications

This paper presents the new design for a rectangular loop antenna (RLA) with enhanced impedance bandwidth and realized gain. The newly proposed RLA includes a truncated rectangular loop and two parasitic elements positioned on either side of the loop, strategically employed to enhance bandwidth. Additionally, to concentrate radiated power, a metallic sheet is positioned beneath the antenna at a distance of 3.35 mm. Through simulations, the study illustrates that the suggested design achieves a notable 60% improvement in bandwidth and a gain enhancement of approximately 6.6 dBi. The antenna operates within the frequency range of 10.2 GHz to 11.7 GHz, achieving a maximum gain of 11 dBi at a resonance frequency of 11 GHz. Given its performance in the X-band frequency range, the proposed RLA emerges as a promising candidate for applications such as synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging.