Downscaling air temperatures for high-resolution niche modeling in a valley of the Amazon lowland forests: A case study on the microclima R package

被引:0
|
作者
Pohl, M. J. [1 ]
Lehnert, L. [2 ]
Thies, B. [1 ]
Seeger, K. [1 ]
Berdugo, M. B. [3 ]
Gradstein, S. R. [4 ]
Bader, M. Y. [3 ]
Bendix, J. [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Marburg, Dept Geog, Lab Climatol & Remote Sensing, Marburg, Germany
[2] Ludwig Maximilians Univ Munchen, Dept Geog, Munich, Germany
[3] Univ Marburg, Dept Geog, Ecol Plant Geog, Marburg, Germany
[4] Meise Bot Garden, Meise, Belgium
来源
PLOS ONE | 2024年 / 19卷 / 11期
关键词
TROPICAL SOUTH-AMERICA; CLOUD FOREST; RAIN-FOREST; DRAINAGE;
D O I
10.1371/journal.pone.0310423
中图分类号
O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];
学科分类号
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;
摘要
The forests of the Amazon basin are threatened by climate and land use changes. Due to the transition towards a drier climate, moisture-dependent organisms such as canopy epiphytes are particularly affected. Even if the topography in the Amazon lowland is moderate, mesoscale nocturnal katabatic flows result from cold air production related to radiative cooling. From a certain level of mass the cold air starts to flow downslope towards the valley centers leading to temperature inversions. The resulting cooling in the valleys drives localized fog formation in the valleys at night. This correlates with high epiphyte abundance and diversity in the valleys, which is much less pronounced upslope. The underlying temperature dynamics are, however, not sufficiently included in coarse-resolution reanalysis models such as ERA5-Land. Since high resolution climate data are needed e.g. for proper niche modeling of locally distributed species such as canopy epiphytes, downscaling models such as microclima have been developed and include micro- and mesoscale effects. However, it is unclear how well the elevation-related diurnal course of air temperature can be simulated. Here, we test functions for downscaling coarse-resolution temperature data to high spatial resolution data implemented in the R-package microclima for the South American tropical lowland forests. To do so we compared microclima-downscaled ERA5-Land air temperature data with meteorological station data. We found that the microclima functions only properly detect 73 temperature inversions out of 412 nocturnal cold air drainage (CAD) events during the dry season study period and only 18 out of 400 during the wet season with default settings. By modifying default values such as the emissivity threshold and time frames of possible CAD condition detection, we found 345 of 412 CAD events during the dry season and 177 out of 400 during the wet season. Despite problems with the distinction between CAD and non-CAD events the microclima algorithms show difficulties in correctly modeling the diurnal course of the temperature data and the amplitudes of elevational temperature gradients. For future studies focusing on temperature downscaling approaches, the modules implemented in the microclima package have to be adjusted for their usage in tropical lowland forest studies and beyond.
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页数:21
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