Synergistic Influence of Vindhyan Sandstone Manufactured Sand and Rice Husk Ash on Concrete Performance

Environmental sustainability and the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions are paramount concerns on a global scale. Incorporating RHA in concrete addresses both environmental issues and agricultural waste disposal, simultaneously reducing CO2 emissions. Additionally, rapid construction growth has led to excessive RS mining, damaging ecosystems and raising costs, making M-sand a viable alternative. This study evaluates the impact of RHA and VS M-sand as partial replacements for OPC and RS in concrete. RHA content ranged from 0 to 25% and VS M-sand up to 50%. Optimal strength and durability were achieved with 15% RHA and 50% VS M-sand. RHA (0-15%) enhanced strength and sulphate resistance, but performance declined beyond 15% content. SEM analysis revealed a dense CSH gel structure in the 15% RHA and 50% VS M-sand mix. This research underscores the potential of RHA and VS M-sand as sustainable alternatives in concrete production, promoting environmental preservation and resource management.