Enabling learner independence and self-regulation in language education using AI tools: a systematic review

In this study, a systematic review was conducted to explore the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in language learning, drawing insights from 18 peer-reviewed articles published between 2009 and 2024. The research utilised the PRISMA framework to ensure a comprehensive, structured approach to data collection and analysis. Articles were sourced from academic databases such as Google Scholar, ERIC, and PubMed, using targeted search terms including "AI and learning speaking," "AI and learning writing," and "AI and improving listening." A meticulous screening process was applied, first by title and abstract, followed by full-text analysis to ensure relevance. The studies were then subject to a dual-round thematic analysis, with each round focusing on identifying patterns and cross-validating findings related to AI's impact on language learning outcomes. The findings of the study revealed that AI-driven tools significantly enhance language learning outcomes by promoting engagement, providing immediate feedback, and facilitating personalised learning experiences. Specific AI tools like Virtual Reality (VR) applications, automated writing feedback systems, and chatbots were analysed for their effectiveness in enhancing speaking, writing, and grammar skills. By conducting a detailed thematic analysis, this study highlighted both the benefits and limitations of AI-driven language education, underscoring AI's role in promoting self-regulated learning while noting areas needing cautious implementation, such as over-reliance on technology and equitable access. IMPACT STATEMENT<br /> This study will interest anyone keen on understanding how AI is reshaping language education. As AI technologies become integral to personalised learning, this research reviews the impact of tools like chatbots, automated feedback systems, and virtual environments on developing essential language skills such as speaking, writing, grammar, and vocabulary. The paper highlights how AI fosters learner autonomy by providing real-time, tailored feedback that encourages self-regulation, a vital component of modern education. It also explores challenges, including the risk of over-reliance on AI and the disparity in access to advanced technologies. This study offers a balanced view, showing both the potential and limitations of AI in language education. It is especially useful for educators, technologists, and policymakers interested in leveraging AI to create more effective, inclusive, and adaptive learning environments, while maintaining a focus on critical thinking and creativity.