NLRP3 and Gut-Liver Axis: New Possibility for the Treatment of Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease

Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases worldwide, with persistently high morbidity and mortality rates. Previous studies have identified NLRP3 inflammasome as a class of receptors of intracellular intrinsic immunity. These receptors can be activated by both intrinsic and extracellular danger signals, leading to the release of downstream pro-inflammatory factors, including interleukin IL-1 beta and IL-18. These vesicles are critical for maintaining host defense. Concurrently, researchers have identified a close relationship between the microbiome, gut-liver axis, and NLRP3 inflammasome with ALD. Consequently, the present study focus on the structure and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, the gut-liver axis, and intestinal microecological regulation, as well as the relationship between bile acid metabolism and the gut-liver axis. The objective of this study is to provide a foundation of knowledge and references for the development of targeted therapeutic interventions of ALD that are informed by the dynamic interplay between the NLRP3 inflammasome and the gut-liver axis.