Promotion of the 2022 Olympic Winter Games on Chinese and Western social media

Purpose - The 2022 Olympic Winter Games in Beijing were the first sporting mega-event held in a country that limits access to popular Western social networks. Since both domestic and international audiences were crucial for the organizers, the purpose of this study was to identify similarities and differences in content published and engagement generated on the event's official social media accounts in the months preceding the Olympics. Design/methodology/approach - For 1,200 consecutive original posts published on Facebook, Sina Weibo and Twitter, we coded the time of publication, motivation targeted by the message according to Raney's typology of motivations for sport spectatorship, multimedia additions and number of likes/reactions, comments and shares. Findings - All accounts were dominated by posts targeting cognitive motivations. The Weibo profile was much more active and followed. There, 71.5% of content conveyed learning, while the most engaging content provided entertainment.Content onWestern networks wasmore varied but virtually duplicated across networks. The most engaging posts targeted euphoric stress, escape and aesthetic pleasure. Comparable content elicited different engagement onChinese and Western socialmedia. Graphics and video were themost engaging features on all networks; polls were the least engaging. Research limitations/implications - Agenda-setting effects of social media content differ across cultures and are co-created by user comments. Originality/value - To the best ofthe authors' knowledge, thisisthe first cross-cultural comparison of pre-event social media promotion by non-Western sporting mega-event hosts. Organizers diversified content strategies to cater to different audiences and pursue different policy goals. We proved cultural differences in content preference and engagement and showed the relevance of Raney's typology of sport spectatorship for social media