Nitrogen-doped graphene oxide/sodium lignocellulose composites with 3D structure as negative additives for lead-acid batteries

The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and irreversible sulfation of the negative electrode in lead-acid batteries can significantly decrease their service life while operating in the high-rate partial state of charge (HRPSoC) mode. To overcome this challenge, composites with a 3D structure of nitrogen-doped graphene oxide /sodium lignosulfonate composites (GLSN) were synthesized hydrothermally by utilizing graphene oxide (GO), sodium lignosulfonate (LS), and urea as raw materials, and added to the negative active material (NAM) of lead-acid batteries as additives. SEM, XRD, and XPS were utilized to characterize the composites. Meanwhile, the electrochemical properties of the composite electrodes and simulated battery performance were tested. The results established that GLSN composites were composed of a three-dimensional mesoporous structure. The addition of 0.5 weight percent GLSN to NAM effectively suppresses HER, significantly improves the initial discharge specific capacity (182.91 mAh<middle dot>g-1), and prolongs the HRPSoC cycle life (19,552 times) of lead-acid batteries.