A Rare Case Presenting with Atypical Acute Polyneuropathy: Neuroborreliosis

Lyme disease is an infectious condition that potentially impacts various bodily systems, notably the skin, joints, and the nervous system. The involvement of the nervous system in Lyme disease, a multisystem disorder, is termed neuroborreliosis. The disease manifests with diverse clinical presentations due to spirochetes transmitted by ticks of the Ixodes species, with Borrelia burgdorferi being the most prevalent. Given its infrequency in Turkey and the uncertainty surrounding its clinical presentation, the diagnosis of neuroborreliosis remains challenging and contentious. Common manifestations in the early stages include cranial neuropathy, lymphocytic meningitis, and radiculoneuritis. Early diagnosis is pivotal for a favorable prognosis. Despite its rarity, there are scant documented cases in the literature involving neuroborreliosis presenting with acute polyneuropathy and bilateral facial nerve palsy.This article discusses the case of an eight-year-old male patient who presented with acute gait difficulty, weakness, and bilateral facial weakness. Electromyography revealed axonal polyneuropathy, predominantly affecting motor fibers.