Space guidelines for resilient public libraries in the post-COVID-19 era: A systematic review

This systematic review examines post-COVID-19 public library design, identifying key trends and recommendations for safe, functional and welcoming spaces. Using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) methodology, the study analysed relevant literature from 2020 to 2024 across multiple databases. Three main themes emerged: structural changes, fixtures and fittings, and operational modifications. Structural changes emphasize flexible, open spaces. Fixtures and fittings include smart technologies, the rearrangement of furniture and protective barriers. Operational modifications focus on occupancy management and contactless services. The key findings highlight the importance of adaptable design, hygiene technologies and space reconfiguration for social distancing while maintaining the library's community role. The study also noted increased emphasis on outdoor spaces and digital services. This review provides insights for library professionals navigating post-pandemic challenges, concluding that future library designs should prioritize flexibility, safety and adaptability while preserving core functions. Further research on long-term impacts and user experiences is recommended.