Frailty in general medicine patients receiving geriatric medicine liaison services is predictive of adverse outcomes

IntroductionFrailty is in an increasing focus for acute care systems due to its association with adverse health outcomes. The Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) is a judgement-based frailty assessment tool, which classifies the frailty status of older adults, but more research involving general medicine inpatients is necessary. The objectives of this study were to describe the predictive ability of CFS, administered by geriatric medicine trained nurses, for adverse outcomes including the following: acute unit and total length of stay (LOS), new nursing home (NH) admission, 12-month mortality and readmission within 30-day.ResultsOf 394 patients included, 60% were mild-moderately frail, and 21% severely frail. In a multivariable analysis, patients classified as severely frail (CFS 7-9) had significantly high odds of death during admission (OR = 13.64), new NH admission (OR = 34.97) and acute LOS (OR = 1.74), compared to non-frail patients (CFS1-4). Mild-moderately frail (CFS 5-6) patients had significantly higher odds for new NH admission (OR = 4.36), acute unit LOS (OR = 1.49) and total LOS (OR = 1.61) compared to non-frail patients. In a Cox regression multivariable survival analysis, the severely frail had a sixfold significantly higher likelihood (HR = 6.19) of 12-month mortality, and the mild-moderately frail had a doubled likelihood (HR = 2.13), compared to the non-frail.ConclusionsThe CFS has clinical utility for identifying general medicine older inpatients at-risk of various adverse outcomes.