Single-atom catalysts for electrocatalytic conversion of biomass-derived small molecules

The utilization of renewable energy to drive the electrocatalytic transformation of biomass into high-value chemicals has emerged as one of the effective tactics for sustainable energy utilization and chemical green production. However, developing efficient catalysts is a considerable challenge due to the complexity of biomass electrocatalytic conversion. Single-atom catalysts demonstrate outstanding performance in electrocatalytic reactions because of the maximized atom utilization, well-defined structure, and distinctive electronic properties. This review first introduces the advances in the metal-support interactions and characterization techniques of SACs. Recent research advances of SACs in electrocatalytic biomass derivatives conversion are further systematically summarized, including anodic oxidation and cleavage bond reactions of alcohols (monohydric and polyhydric), aldehydes, and lignin; and cathodic hydrogenation of aldehydes (5-hydroxymethylfurfural and furfural) and electrocatalytic biomass hydrogenation mediated C-N coupling for the preparation of amino acids and oximes. Finally, the perspectives and challenges within the domain of SACs for the advanced electrocatalytic conversion of biomass are proposed. This review offers guidance for the rational design and precise preparation of SACs for the conversion of biomass.