Advances in biomarker discovery and diagnostics for alzheimer's disease

Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by intracellular neurofibrillary tangles with tau protein and extracellular beta-amyloid plaques. Early and accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment and management. Objective The purpose of this review is to investigate new technologies that improve diagnostic accuracy while looking at the current diagnostic criteria for AD, such as clinical evaluations, cognitive testing, and biomarker-based techniques. Methods A thorough review of the literature was done in order to assess both conventional and contemporary diagnostic methods. Multimodal strategies integrating clinical, imaging, and biochemical evaluations were emphasised. The promise of current developments in biomarker discovery was also examined, including mass spectrometry and artificial intelligence. Results Current diagnostic approaches include cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers, imaging tools (MRI, PET), cognitive tests, and new blood-based markers. Integrating these technologies into multimodal diagnostic procedures enhances diagnostic accuracy and distinguishes dementia from other conditions. New technologies that hold promise for improving biomarker identification and diagnostic reliability include mass spectrometry and artificial intelligence. Conclusion Advancements in AD diagnostics underscore the need for accessible, minimally invasive, and cost-effective techniques to facilitate early detection and intervention. The integration of novel technologies with traditional methods may significantly enhance the accuracy and feasibility of AD diagnosis.