An Optimization Approach to Synthesis of the Isoflux Pattern for GEO/MEO Satellites using Time Modulated Antenna Arrays

In this study, a differential evolution (DE) based optimization to obtain an isoflux pattern for Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) and Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) satellites by using time-modulated array antennas (TMA) is presented. The main motivation for this study would be the use of TMAs, which have been extensively studied in the literature due to their low sidelobe level (SLL) in satellite systems. Having the system on an orbiting satellite requires different configurations from the antennas on the ground station. Instead of the narrow-angle directive antennas used in ground stations, the use of isoflux patterns that also take into account the geoid structure of the earth will provide a more effective coverage area. From this point of view, isoflux pattern synthesis is performed for GEO and MEO satellites using the DE-based algorithm and numerical results are presented with explanatory graphics.