A study of taxonomic and molecular-genetic characteristics of the western Chukchi Sea fish fauna

This study provides an updated assessment of the taxonomic and molecular-genetic diversity of fish species in the western Chukchi Sea, employing both traditional and modern research methodologies. The research was conducted aboard the Research Vessel Akademik Oparin in 2016, utilizing various collection methods including trawling and remotely operated vehicles (ROVs). A total of 486 specimens representing 26 species across 8 families were collected and identified. Among them, 97 specimens were partially genotyped using mitochondrial markers COI and 12S rRNA, with some specimens genotyped for one marker only and others for both. Our results confirm that the Arctic Staghorn Goby, Gymnocanthus tricuspis, remains a dominant species with a high frequency of occurrence. High occurrence was also noted for the Hamecon, Artediellus scaber, and the Shorthorn Sculpin, Myoxocephalus scorpius. The study further investigates the genetic distances within and among species, highlighting the efficacy of DNA barcoding in species identification. Phylogenetic analysis revealed distinct clusters that correspond to taxonomic relationships. Both 12S rRNA and COI markers were effective in identifying species within closely related groups, but 12S demonstrated superior performance in cases of degraded DNA samples. The efficacy of this marker highlights its utility in augmenting the global DNA barcode library and enhancing large-scale biodiversity assessments, potentially facilitating the transition to next-generation sequencing technologies. Additionally, the use of ROVs marked a non-intrusive advancement in observing fish distribution, complementing traditional capture methods. This comprehensive approach not only enhances our understanding of Arctic biodiversity, but also contributes to monitoring ecological impacts due to climatic changes.