Maternal obesity, lifestyle factors and associated pregnancy outcomes in Ibadan, Nigeria: a Nigerian cohort study

Maternal obesity is a neglected but modifiable maternal health threat in Nigeria associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. We investigated maternal obesity, lifestyle factors, and pregnancy outcomes in Ibadan, Nigeria. We used the Ibadan Pregnancy Studtudy (IbPCS) data. Maternal obesity (BMI >= 30.0 kg/m(2)) was the primary outcome variable, and pregnancy outcomes were secondary. Information on lifestyle characteristics, i.e. diet and physical activity in pregnancy, were obtained using standardised instruments. We constructed bivariate, multivariate logistic and Poisson models at < 0.05 significance. The prevalence of maternal obesity was 19.3%: 95% CI (17.5 - 21.3). Maternal age, parity and income were associated (p < 0.05) with maternal obesity. Regular physical activity was associated with decreased odds of maternal obesity. Maternal obesity was directly related to experiencing any adverse pregnancy outcome by twofold [Adjusted Odds Ratio: 1.87, 95% CI (1.36 - 2.57). The relative risk (RR) of macrosomia: RR 1.83, 95% CI (1.08 - 3.08)], caesarean section: [RR: 1.41, 95% CI (1.09 - 1.81)], and birth asphyxia at 1 min [RR: 1.50, 95% CI (1.01 - 2.37)], GDM [RR 1.74 (95% CI): (1.15 - 2.62). Maternal obesity is prevalent in Ibadan and increases the risk of adverse perinatal events. Maternal services should emphasise physical activity and a healthy diet to reduce maternal obesity.