Dual hop Malaga underwater wireless optical communication system with pointing errors for IoUT

The Internet of Underwater Things (IoUT) has attracted a lot of researchers due to its numerous applications for aquatic life monitoring, underwater surveillance like disaster prevention, and even military applications. But most underwater sensors/devices operate on batteries. So, we propose a dual-hop system that reduces the power requirements at a single node and also helps in increasing the coverage area in underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC). In this paper, the misalignment issue due to water waves is considered using pointing errors and utilizing both optical heterodyne detection (OHD) and intensity modulation/direct detection (IM/DD). Further, the effect of various turbulence conditions is discussed and analytically we present unified exact closed-form expressions for the channel capacity, average bit error rate, and outage probability in terms of the Meijer-G function.