Hospital-Onset Seizures in Children Aged 3 Months to 12 Years: A Prospective Cohort Study

ObjectiveTo describe the clinical profile, etiology and outcome of children with hospital-onset seizures (HOS) in a tertiary care public hospital.MethodsIn this prospective study, consecutive children aged 3 months to 12 years admitted for at least 24 hours in the Department of Pediatrics of a tertiary care public hospital between 1 February, 2021 and 15 September, 2021, were followed-up during hospital stay till death/discharge. Any child admitted within 7 days following head trauma, or admitted for seizure control during the current illness was excluded. All patients were followed up daily for the occurrence of seizures during hospital stay. Outcomes were assessed using Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS).ResultsOut of the 1050 children (635 boys), 25 (2.38%) children with a median (IQR) age of 12 (4,60) months developed seizures during the hospital stay. Seizures occurred at a median (IQR) interval of 21 hour (8 hour, 5 days) from admission; seizures progressed to status epilepticus in 3 (12%) children. Majority of those with seizures had an underlying neurological disorder/disease at admission. Majority of patients (68%) had generalized tonic-clonic seizures. After neuro-infections, metabolic derangements were the second most common etiological group for HOS (32%). A poor outcome, defined as death/severe disability as per GOS, was seen in 8 (32%) children with HOS. Children with HOS had a 2.76 times higher risk of a poor outcome as compared to those with no seizures during the hospital stay [RR (95% CI) 2.76 (1.07, 7.11), P = 0.035].ConclusionPhysicians need to be aware of the risk factors for HOS in children so as to provide adequate monitoring and emergent treatment.