Clinical Management of Patients with Severe Post-Operative Pulmonary Complications

PurposeThis review aims to outline effective strategies for managing postoperative pulmonary complications, emphasizing both preventive and curative treatments across the perioperative timeline.Recent FindingsIn the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU), attention to the complete reversal of neuromuscular blockade has proven essential to mitigate associated respiratory risks. Furthermore, the application of non-invasive respiratory support like continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) or bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) in the treatment of acute respiratory failure during the postoperative phase significantly enhances patient outcomes. The supportive measures, including early mobilization and screening for laryngeal injuries, might play a role in the comprehensive management of postoperative patients. As for preventive strategies, the application of perioperative protective (POP) ventilation should be considered standard of care in patients at high risk for postoperative pulmonary complications, such as patients with obesity.SummaryThe management of severe postoperative pulmonary complications requires a proactive and multifaceted approach. This review underscores the importance of early and accurate intervention, including the timely and strategic use of non-invasive respiratory support to improve patient outcomes, especially in high-risk populations such as patients with obesity.