Comparative study of generalized-sampling-theorem-based digital super-resolution for 2D data

The size of pixels in a digital recording device, such as a CCD array, limits the spatial resolution in images obtained by an optical imaging system, thereby degrading the image quality. Digital super-resolution (DSR) techniques are used to reconstruct a high-resolution (HR) image from multiple sub-pixel-shifted low-resolution images in order to improve the image quality. In this article, we formulate a mathematical framework for DSR using the generalized sampling theorem (GST). The GST-based DSR method’s performance is evaluated by comparing it to existing resolution enhancement methods on the basis of evaluation metrics like percentage mean square error (%MSE), structural similarity index measure (SSIM), and peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR). The GST DSR method exhibits an overall superior quality image reconstruction based on quantitative analysis (with a near zero %MSE, SSIM around one, and improved PSNR in dB) and qualitative comparison. The robustness of the GST DSR method is further demonstrated in the presence of frame-to-frame shift estimation error using %MSE and SSIM by comparing it with multi-frame interpolation approaches. © 2024 Optica Publishing Group. All rights, including for text and data mining (TDM), Artificial Intelligence (AI) training, and similar technologies, are reserved. © 2025 Optica Publishing Group (formerly OSA). All rights reserved.