Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of CYP450s under various stress treatment in Dendrobium huoshanense

The cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYP450) are the largest enzyme family in plant metabolism, playing a key role in the biosynthesis of both primary and secondary metabolites. However, the CYP450 has not yet been systematically characterized in Dendrobium species. In this study, 193 DhCYP450 genes were identified in the genome of Dendrobium huoshanense through bioinformatics, and divided into 2 groups and 10 clans. Chromosome localization results revealed that DhCYP450 genes are distributed across 19 chromosomes. We identified eight common conserved motifs within the DhCYP450 family of D. huoshanense. Furthermore, prediction analysis of cis-acting elements in the promoter region indicated the presence of elements responsive to low temperature, drought, and hormones responsive elements in most DhCYP450 genomes. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis demonstrated the experiments expression patterns of DhCYP450 genes in response to cold, drought treatment, and hormones, suggesting their involvement in abiotic stress responses and their role in Dendrobium growth. Overall, these results provide valuable insights into the functional dynamics of the DhCYP450 genes and highlight potential candidates for further study of their biological roles.