A review of the role of herbs in managing metabolic syndrome

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by five interrelated metabolic risk factors hypertension, central obesity, impaired glucose tolerance, low serum high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels and elevated serum triglycerides. Its prevalence is rising globally contributing significantly to the growing burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). The complications of MetS are carried by common pathogenetic mechanisms including low grade inflammation, oxidative stress etc. While conventional approaches such as balanced diets, regular physical activity, weight management and pharmacotherapy are available, poor patient adherence and the multifactorial nature of the condition continue to drive its progression. Herbal remedies rich in phytochemicals have gained increasing attention for their potential to address various components of MetS. Many herbs including ajwain, aloe vera, basil leaf, coriander, curry leaf, fish mint, ginseng, gurmar, licorice weed, oregano, rosemary, sacred lotus, thyme and tulsi have demonstrated beneficial effects on MetS and its associated symptoms. These herbs offer therapeutic benefits in managing MetS and improving clinical outcomes. This review explores the therapeutic potential of these herbs focusing on their bioactive components and their roles in mitigating the progression of metabolic syndrome.