Selective delivery of G-quadruplex ligand in glioma cell lines: the power of cyclic-RGD peptide

Compounds targeting non-canonical secondary structures of nucleic acids, known as G-quadruplexes, are highly cytotoxic, both for cancer and healthy cells, because of their action mechanism's lack of appropriate selectivity. The targeted delivery of cytotoxic molecules to cancer cells is a valuable strategy to expand the repertoire of potential drugs, especially for cancer types for which new therapeutic tools are urgently needed, like glioblastoma. In this work, we conjugated a cyclic arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid peptide to a naphthalene diimide, previously described as a highly performing stabilizing ligand for DNA G-quadruplexes, to specifically target glioma cells overexpressing RGD-binding integrin receptors. Our results, including confocal microscopy and cell toxicity assays, demonstrated improved efficacy and selective cellular absorption of the new conjugate without affecting the NDI's ability to interact with the G4 target.