Strategic Energy Management in Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles: A Prognostic Perspective on Dual Energy Source Degradation

Fuel cell technology is a promising alternative to traditional internal combustion engines in various applications, especially in transportation applications. This paper proposes a framework of strategic energy management for fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs), which is developed to safeguard the dual vehicle energy sources, that is, fuel cells and power batteries. This is accomplished by applying an energy management strategy (EMS) from a prognostic perspective. A fuzzy energy management approach is used to manage the power flow in the FCEV, enabling safe and predefined operation at multiple degradation points. To guarantee reliable and continuous energy source functioning, prognostics algorithms are incorporated into the EMS to identify energy source degradation. The prediction results are integrated into the controller by refining the controller parameters geometrically. Simulation outcomes show that the proposed EMS offers efficient use the dual energy sources, which improves the durability of the energy sources.