Promoting inclusion in urban land use planning using participatory geographic information system (PGIS) techniques: A systematic review

Participatory Geographical Information Systems (PGIS) fosters equity and inclusivity in urban Land Use Planning (LUP). The rising population, economic development, and environmental changes increase urban LUP complexities. Moreover, the social inequalities existing in most societies create power imbalances in the planning process. Without participatory approaches, the benefits of urban planning will be enjoyed by the rich to the disadvantage of the poor who constitute the majority in societies. Research in urban planning has largely relied on Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Remote Sensing techniques, which tend to be technical, thus sidelining the voices and concerns of the marginalized, and less powerful actors. The introduction of the PGIS approach facilitates the development of comprehensive plans that address the needs of diverse population segments. This research is rooted on the premise that PGIS serves as an effective tool for promoting inclusive planning in Africa. Therefore, the research question is centered on understanding how PGIS has been utilized and how effective its application and adoption enhance inclusive urban planning process. A total of 346 articles were initially identified, with 69 ultimately selected based on their relevance and specificity in employing PGIS within urban LUP through a literature review process. The research outcomes illustrate PGIS' contribution to promoting the participation of diverse segments of the population in urban planning. Thus, facilitating the generation of Indigenous Spatial Knowledge (ISK) that reflects the preferences of local communities. However, challenges such as a lack of transparency from local and national government authorities in the implementation of Urban Plans impede the effective integration of PGIS. Furthermore, the research underscores the importance of key principles such as respect for rights, good governance, and gender equity in promoting equitable representation among participants, thus ensuring the successful application of PGIS approaches.