Structural characterization and performance optimization of LSCF-based - based mechanical physical composite cathodes for intermediate-temperature - temperature solid oxide fuel cells: A review

As the demand for sustainable energy grows, intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells have garnered interest for stationary applications. However, their long-term reliability faces challenges such as cathode degradation and instability at intermediate temperatures. In response to these challenges, this review focuses on the structural characterization and performance optimization of La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-delta-based 0. 6Sr 0. 4Co 0. 2Fe 0. 8O 3 - delta-based mechanical physical composite cathodes for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells, operating within the 600-800 degrees C degrees C range. These cathodes, fabricated by blending cobalt-based perovskite materials without chemical bonding, preserve their original properties, enhancing structural integrity under thermal and mechanical stresses. Key aspects of characterization, including structural stability, degradation mechanisms, electrolyte compatibility, and electrochemical performance, are explored. The role of microstructural integrity in determining oxygen reduction reaction activity, polarization resistance, and power density is assessed, crucial for improving fuel cell efficiency. Additionally, this review highlights the advantages of La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-delta-based 0. 6Sr 0. 4Co 0. 2Fe 0. 8O 3 - delta-based composites, such as enhanced conductivity and durability, using in situ and infiltrated methods. Therefore, the findings highlight the potential of La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-delta-based 0. 6Sr 0. 4Co 0. 2Fe 0. 8O 3 - delta-based mechanical physical composite cathodes to enhance the performance, durability, and cost-effectiveness of intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells through structural optimization and innovative fabrication methods. Future work should focus on developing innovative fabrication methods, exploring new composite materials, and improving interface phenomena to enhance the performance and cost-effectiveness of these cathodes.