Evaluation and analysis of the electro-optic effect and the Stark effect in electro-optic polymers by the simple transmission measurement technique without an aperture

A simple and reliable transmission measurement technique without an aperture was utilized to evaluate both the electro-optic (EO) effect and the Stark effect of EO polymers. For some EO polymers, both the EO effect and the Stark effect were evaluated using laser light sources with various wavelengths of 1550 nm, 1308 nm, 980 nm, and 640 nm and the analysis method was also described. We showed that both the magnitude and the phase of the modulated light signal in lock-in detection at both the n /2 and 3n/2 n /2 points are very important for appropriate analysis.