Intelligent Landfill Slope Monitoring System and Data Analysis: Case Study for a Landfill Slope in Shenzhen, China

Efficient and real-time monitoring methods play an important role in the prevention of instability of landfills. A system for long-term monitoring of landfill slope based on the Internet of Things (IoT) was proposed, comprising a perception layer, transfer layer, data layer, platform layer, and user layer. The monitoring system was deployed at the Tiger Pit landfill slope in Shenzhen, China, automatically monitoring surface displacement, settlement, deep displacement, main leachate level, standing leachate level, and rainfall. The monitoring results showed that although the landfill slope was stable, it remained in an active state of movement. The top of the slope experienced significant deformation, and the depth ranging from 0.5 to 8 m exhibited large cumulative deep displacement associated with rainfall. Notably, the standing leachate level at the top of the slope showed pronounced fluctuations. In addition, principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to the monitoring data to reduce dimensionality and identify correlations among the monitored parameters. The surface displacement rate was determined to be a crucial indicator of the landfill slope stability. Auxiliary judging index F was introduced, with a threshold set at 0.48355. The proposed monitoring system can provide more reliable, transparent, and timely information regarding the status of the landfill slope, offering significant benefits for real-time slope stability control.