[1] School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing,100083, China
[2] School of Mining and Coal, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou,014010, China
[3] School of Design and the Built Environment, Curtin University, Perth,6102, Australia
[4] School of Electrical Engineering, Computing and Mathematical Sciences, Curtin University, Perth,6845, Australia
[5] Chair of Cartography and Visual Analytics, Technical University of Munich, Munich,80333, Germany
[6] College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou,730000, China
[7] Spatial Sciences Discipline, School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Curtin University, Perth,6102, Australia