Green synthesis of bimetallic ZnO–CuO nanoparticles using Annona muricata l. extract: Investigation of antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer properties

In this work, Annona muricata L. extract was used to synthesize ZnO–CuO bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs). We used UV–visible, FT-IR, XRD, XPS, FESEM-EDX, TEM, and Raman spectroscopy for analyzing ZnO–CuO NPs. The FESEM showed spherical ZnO–CuO. ZnO–CuO morphology was examined using TEM. ZnO–CuO crystalline planes are seen by XRD. The antibacterial, antioxidant, biocompatibility, and anticancer characteristics of green synthesized ZnO–CuO NPs were examined. The MTT experiment evaluated the produced bimetallic nanoparticles’ inhibition of breast cancer (MCF-7) cell proliferation. The antibacterial activity of ZnO–CuO NPs was determined utilizing growth inhibition, ROS production, and live and dead cell tests. ZnO–CuO NPs showed superior bacteria-fighting ability at 100 μg/mL. ZnO–CuO NPs also exhibit strong in vitro anticancer activity against MCF-7 cells. The MTT experiment showed a dose-dependent impact on MCF-7 cell lines, with an IC50 of 25 μg/mL. The antioxidant activities of ZnO–CuO NPs depended on dosage, suggesting their potential as antioxidants. In fibroblast cells, ZnO–CuO NPs were tested for biocompatibility. Researchers found that NPs at greater concentrations (100 μg/mL) did not harm cells, showing strong biocompatibility. Results demonstrated that green ZnO–CuO NPs may be antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer. © 2024 The Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry