Direct extraction of sodium negative ions from sodium plasma

Diatomic negative ions of Na(Na2-) are extracted with atomic negative ions of Na(Na-) from a low-temperature Na plasma. The extracted currents of these negative ions are experimentally measured as functions of discharge parameters and wall temperatures. The measured extraction characteristics are discussed by comparing the results with those of negative hydrogen and negative lithium ions extracted from the corresponding plasmas. The maximum current ratio of Na2- to Na- for a wall temperature below 235°C is on the order of 0.01, much smaller than that obtained in the sputtering experiment.