MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION AND ANALYSIS: APPLICATIONS IN BIOMEDICAL ELECTRONICS.

Advanced materials analysis and characterization techniques have significantly aided the development and evaluation of design, fabrication, packaging and testing methodologies suitable for use in modern biomedical electronic devices and systems. In particular, advanced inspection and characterization instruments such as the scanning electron microscope, scanning Auger microprobe, and the secondary ion mass spectrometer have not only allowed the development of new materials and processes applicable to hybrids, surface mount and other types of biomedical electronics but also provided a means to ensure greater reliability and product safety. Other relevant tools and analysis techniques include: x-ray (diffraction and spectroscopy), residual gas analysis, profilometry, atomic absorption, light and electron scattering methods, and a variety of mechanical, electrical and environmental stress testing practices.