MISALIGNED SUBSEA PIPELINES JOINED.

Misaligned underwater pipelines are not being mechanically joined using prefabricated devices. Two systems are developed to make connection between these lines despite variation in approach angles or elevations. Two basic hardware items were developed to handle these problems - namely, swivels and mechanical connectors. These devices, with their certain accessories, can be used in various ways to improve efficiency of underwater pipe laying. The hardware and methods described here can and probably will be modified for remote operation when water depth exceeds diver capability. However, the methods have already been used in the Gulf of Mexico to save much barge and diver time.