PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN CONGRESS ON SURVEYING AND MAPPING.

Proceedings includes 46 papers on the most recent developments in the fields of surveying and mapping. Land surveys are dealt with first. Detailed attention is then given to a number of cartographic problems, such as development and application of fluorescent charts, measurement of map complexity, gridded maps, new approaches to map design, visual terrain displays, and automated digital cartographic systems. Emphasis is also placed on various aspects of control surveys, such as the use of programmable calculators for these surveys, basic geodetic computer-aided calculations, description of a precise leveling test network, and an automated astronomic positioning system, surveying in areas of active earth movement, and mine surveying. Finally, the design and operation of some new instruments is reviewed, including a lightweight gyro azimuth surveying instrument, and a new electronic distance measuring device.