Physical characteristics and infrared fluorescence properties of sol-gel derived Er3+ - Yb3+ codoped TiO2 were presented. Maximum ∼1.54 μm photoluminescence (PL) intensity was obtained for the Er3+ (5 mol%)-Yb3+ (30 mol%) codoped TiO2 sample annealed at 700°C. It was found that when the concentration of Yb3+ ions reached 50 mol%, the back energy transfer effect from Er3+ to Yb3+ deteriorates the ∼1.54 μm PL efficiency.