Li1+xMn2O4/C system. Materials and electrochemical aspects

The importance of the synthesis conditions of Li1+xMn2O4 on its electrochemical performance, namely, capacity fading and initial capacity is discussed. By using a well-defined thermal treatment and a particular nominal composition, x = 0.05, one can overcome the problem of capacity fading that was previously experienced with LiMn2O4 while, at the same time, enhancing the usable capacity. The importance of the thermal treatment in terms of oxygen stoichiometry effects and how cyclic voltammetry can be used to optimize Li1+xMn2O4 powders have been discussed.