Kinetics of dye sorption: effect of dyebath flow on dyeing uniformity

A common goal of all dyers is to achieve uniform dyeings. Much attention therefore is given to the development of dye formulas that consistently result in uniform distribution of dye in the textile substrate being dyed. But no matter how well a given formula behaves during its development in laboratory dyeing equipment, that formula may fail in the production environment. Often the reason for such failure is found in the irregular dyebath flow through the textile mass in production dyeing machines. A theoretical kinetic basis for the influence of dyebath flow on dyeing uniformity is reviewed.