Structure of a near-laminar coal jet flame

Flame data from a near-linear coal jet have been compared with model predictions. Inclusion of gas turbulence with laminarization was necessary for adequately predicting the upper-flame and postflame regions and for predicting particle dispersion. Dispersion of gas and particles was insensitive to inlet turbulence intensity. Gas buoyancy induced radially inward flow that opposed particle dispersion. Gas temperature was predicted too high near the coal nozzle, perhaps due to neglecting finite-rate mixing of volatiles with the bulk gas and chemical kinetics effects. Single-particle burning effects were important in the flame zone, as evidenced by the sensitivity of particle temperature to direct enthalpy feedback from volatiles combustion. Particle burnout was insensitive to enthalpy feedback, heterogeneous CO2 formation, and chemistry/turbulence interaction.