Thermodynamic validation of wort boiling systems

Regarding evaporation and formation of DMS wort boiling is calculable. Particularly the needed evaporation heat during the boiling step is predictable. Every form of boiling can be put down to two principles: The conventional direct heating of the wort kettle is called kettle boil while the use of a calandria (internal or external boiler) operates with a flash evaporation. This article compares both principles in terms of separate evaporation and formation of DMS (comparison 1) as well as simultaneous evaporation and formation of DMS (comparison 2) via validated calculations. For both comparisons it will be verified whether flash evaporation is better, equal or worse concerning the decrease of DMS compared to a kettle boil.