Lighting of dual carriageways and roads

It starts with an introduction and synthesis of the historical evolution of lighting in Spain, to then continue with the lighting of dual carriageways and roads. It analyses the possible causes of nocturnal accidents as well as the methodology applied in selecting the sections to be illuminated and the actions in existing installations in the matter of efficiency and energy savings. This last point also contemplates the replacement of mercury-vapour lamps, the measures to be taken and verifications to be performed and intervention on operating and adjustment systems of the lighting level of installations, the criteria for their transitory switch-off and the reduction in lighting levels of tunnels. The article considers the regulations in force and the best technical improvements available in this field and ends with an exposition on efficient and sustainable lighting systems.