A Tutorial On Near-Field XL-MIMO Communications Towards 6G

被引：0
|
作者：
Lu H. [1 ]
Zeng Y. [1 ]
You C. [2 ]
Han Y. [1 ]
Zhang J. [3 ]
Wang Z. [3 ]
Dong Z. [1 ]
Jin S. [1 ]
Wang C. [1 ]
Jiang T. [4 ]
You X. [1 ]
Zhang R. [5 ]
机构：
[1] National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing
[2] Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen
[3] School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing
[4] School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Research Center of6G Mobile Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan
[5] Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data, School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen
来源：
IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials | 2024年 / 26卷 / 04期
基金：
中国国家自然科学基金;
关键词：
beam focusing pattern; Extremely large-scale MIMO; near-field beam training; near-field codebook; near-field inter-user interference; near-field modeling; near-field SNR scaling law; non-uniform spherical wave; spatial non-stationarity;
D O I：
10.1109/COMST.2024.3387749
中图分类号：
学科分类号：
摘要：
Extremely large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (XL-MIMO) is a promising technology for the sixth-generation (6G) mobile communication networks. By significantly boosting the antenna number or size to at least an order of magnitude beyond current massive MIMO systems, XL-MIMO is expected to unprecedentedly enhance the spectral efficiency and spatial resolution for wireless communication. The evolution from massive MIMO to XL-MIMO is not simply an increase in the array size, but faces new design challenges, in terms of near-field channel modeling, performance analysis, channel estimation, and practical implementation. In this article, we give a comprehensive tutorial overview on near-field XL-MIMO communications, aiming to provide useful guidance for tackling the above challenges. First, the basic near-field modeling for XL-MIMO is established, by considering the new characteristics of non-uniform spherical wave (NUSW) and spatial non-stationarity. Next, based on the near-field modeling, the performance analysis of XL-MIMO is presented, including the near-field signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) scaling laws, beam focusing pattern, achievable rate, and degrees-of-freedom (DoF). Furthermore, various XL-MIMO design issues such as near-field beam codebook, beam training, channel estimation, and delay alignment modulation (DAM) transmission are elaborated. Finally, we point out promising directions to inspire future research on near-field XL-MIMO communications. IEEE
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