Sustainable management and agriculture resource technology system using remote sensing descriptors and IoT

The agricultural sector is a paramount arena of research pertaining to both global and Indian context. Despite India's agricultural dominance, productivity has consistently declined due to various factors, leading to economic and farmer losses. This study introduces a dual-approach research deployment aimed at enhancing agricultural management efficiency. The first approach involves utilization of remote sensing descriptors to identify moisture deficit areas using vegetation-moisture indices, land surface temperature and slope-elevation profiles. The descriptors were computed using a ten-year period from 2015–2024 using Sentinel-2 data. The second approach involves the deployment of soil moisture sensors integrated with microcontrollers and IoT infrastructure for real-time monitoring. Soil moisture levels were monitored at real-time during morning, afternoon and evening time-periods with specific thresholds identified for urgent watering and optimum moisture conditions. Data was collected and tested at moisture deficit areas identified by remote sensing descriptors at South and North Roorkee, achieving 97.24 % precision score in real-time alerts. The system developed and portrayed in this research is termed as SMARTS (Sustainable Management and Agriculture Resource Technology System) which is scalable and flexible for being deployed at any geographical location offering a robust foundation for future sustainable farming. © 2024 The Authors