Auditory sensitivity of seals and sea lions in complex listening scenarios

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[1] Cunningham, Kane A.
[2] 2,Southall, Brandon L.
[3] Reichmuth, Colleen
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Cunningham, Kane A. | 1600年 / Acoustical Society of America卷 / 136期
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Standard audiometric data; such as audiograms and critical ratios; are often used to inform marine mammal noise-exposure criteria. However; these measurements are obtained using simple; artificial stimuli - i.e; pure tones and flat-spectrum noise - while natural sounds typically have more complex structure. In this study; detection thresholds for complex signals were measured in (I) quiet and (II) masked conditions for one California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) and one harbor seal (Phoca vitulina). In Experiment I; detection thresholds in quiet conditions were obtained for complex signals designed to isolate three common features of natural sounds: Frequency modulation; amplitude modulation; and harmonic structure. In Experiment II; detection thresholds were obtained for the same complex signals embedded in two types of masking noise: Synthetic flat-spectrum noise and recorded shipping noise. To evaluate how accurately standard hearing data predict detection of complex sounds; the results of Experiments I and II were compared to predictions based on subject audiograms and critical ratios combined with a basic hearing model. Both subjects exhibited greater-than-predicted sensitivity to harmonic signals in quiet and masked conditions; as well as to frequency-modulated signals in masked conditions. These differences indicate that the complex features of naturally occurring sounds enhance detectability relative to simple stimuli. © 2014 Acoustical Society of America;
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