A study on the path planning and optimization of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality in the highway service area

The transportation sector is a major source of greenhouse gas emissions. Reducing emissions of the Highway Service Area (HSA) can help decrease the sector's carbon footprint and serve as a model for green transformation. Consequently, this study firstly employs the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) to calculate the carbon emissions during the operational phase of a certain HSA in 2022, and then analyses the emission structure. Subsequently, four emission reduction pathways are identified, including Photovoltaic (PV) power generation, electrification retrofitting, forestry carbon sinks, and green roofs, in terms of both Three 100 Initiatives and carbon neutrality measures. On this basis, the planning of carbon peak and carbon neutral strategies for this service area under different scenarios are carried out, taking into account the dual carbon targets and relevant policies. The findings indicate that: (1) the HSA emitted approximately 766.84 tons of carbon emissions in 2022, with 96.53 % from purchased electricity. (2) PV power generation offers the optimal emission reduction benefits among four emission reduction pathways. (3) In carbon peaking scenarios, initiating PV construction is the optimal emission reduction strategy. (4) In most carbon neutrality scenarios, the simultaneous implementation of PV construction and bamboo planting can meet the neutrality requirements by 2060. However, if the HSA continues to develop economically after 2030, the economy could grow until 2035 to meet neutrality requirements. These findings can guide emission reduction strategies for other HSAs, accelerating the sector's transition to low-carbon emissions while supporting the development of policies for zero-carbon HSAs.