Inferior vena cava invasion by double-J stent

<正>The double-J stent （DJS）, first reported by Zimskind et al[1]in 1967, is a commonly used therapeutic tool in urology. DJS is primarily used to maintain urine flow from the kidney to the bladder and to restore the continuity of the urinary tract in various urological conditions.[2] The DJS placement is typically performed under cystoscopic or fluoroscopic guidance.Common complications include dysuria, urinary frequency,hematuria, bacteriuria, stent fragmentation, and stone formation.[3] Most of these complications can be managed with supportive medical care.