Hypoglycemic Effect of Guar Gum Manno-Oligosaccharides on Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice

Objective: To study the hypoglycemic effect and mechanism of guar gum manno-oligosaccharides (GMOS) on streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Methods: GMOS was administered to diabetic mice for 6 weeks, and the changes in body mass and insulin resistance were monitored. Furthermore, indicators of glucose and lipid metabolism such as glucose (GLU), insulin (INS), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were determined. Hepatic histopathological changes were observed, and the expression of proteins involved in the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) signaling pathway and the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the liver were detected. Results: GMOS effectively relieved the body mass loss of diabetic mice, significantly alleviated glucose tolerance (30.3%) and enhanced insulin sensitivity (34.6%). Compared with the model group, GMOS decreased the levels of GLU, glycosylated serum protein (GSP) and LDL-C by 38.6%, 29.5%, and 27.3%, respectively, and increased the levels of insulin and HDL-C significantly. Moreover, GMOS reduced oxidative damage, activated the AMPK/PGC-1α signaling pathway, and improved the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in the liver. Conclusion: GMOS could reduce blood glucose and mitigate glucose and lipid metabolism disorder and oxidative stress caused by diabetes mellitus, indicating its potential as a functional food ingredient against diabetes. © 2024 Chinese Chamber of Commerce. All rights reserved.