Flow and sensitivity analysis of MHD radiative hybrid nanofluid flow across a permeable wedge with slip condition: Response surface methodology

This current paper has been written to investigate the effect of a hybrid Tiwari and Das nanofluid model along with optimizing the flow using sensitivity analysis. Heat transfer rates and skin friction assessments were examined with the supplementation of external effects like heat source, thermal radiation, buoyancy forces, velocity slip as well as magnetic effect with spherical-shaped nanoparticles. The mathematical modeling was formulated using a system of nonlinear PDE. Similarity transformations were implemented in the governing equations for obtaining the final set of nondimensional equations which were then solved using bvp4c code in MATLAB. The results obtained were in close agreement with published results. Some of the significant results obtained included an increase in Nusselt number by 2.26% for an increase in velocity ratio parameter (R$R$) from 0.1$0.1$ to 0.3 along with an increase in skin friction coefficient by 0.77% with magnetic (M$M$) parameter M=0.6$M = 0.6$ to M=0.8$M = 0.8$. The heat transfer profile was augmented by 0.79% with increasing radiation parameter Rd=0.6$Rd = 0.6$ to Rd=0.8$Rd = 0.8$ while an increase of 18.84% was observed for skin friction profile values recorded for the hybrid model as compared to the base fluid model. Nusselt number reduced by 0.51% for a transition to nanofluid model from regular fluid and by 1.76% for the hybrid model compared to the nanofluid model .$.$ The unblocked face-centered central composite design (CCD) was used for analyzing the sensitivity analysis of independent, continuous input parameters M,h,R$M,\ h,\ R$ on the response parameters, skin friction coefficient, and Nusselt number. The high values for Rnusselt2=99.91%$R_{{\mathrm{nusselt}}}<^>2 = 99.91\% $, AdjRnusselt2=99.84%$Adj\ R_{{\mathrm{nusselt}}}<^>2 = 99.84\% $ and Rskin2=99.97%$R_{{\mathrm{skin}}}<^>2 = 99.97\% $, AdjRskin2=99.93%$Adj\ R_{{\mathrm{skin}}}<^>2 = 99.93\% $ for Nusselt number and skin friction coefficient values, respectively, validate the ANOVA results obtained using response surface methodology (RSM). Only M$M$ shows positive sensitivity for both the Nusselt number and skin friction responses. The present hybrid nanofluid model finds extensive applications in bio-toxicity studies, manufacturing of water heaters, and forging of hot exhaust valve heads.