Removal of heavy metal ions (Pb2+, Cu2+, Cr3+, and Cd2+) from multimetal simulated wastewater using 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane grafted agar porous cryogel

In this study, we have developed agar, a seaweed derived polysaccharide based green adsorbent for the removal of heavy metal ions (Pb2+, Cu2+, Cr3+ and Cd2+) from multimetal solution. Porous cryogels of agar grafted with 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES) were prepared by freeze-drying. The adsorption capacity and selectivity of the optimized APTES-agar cryogel for heavy metal ions (Cu2+, Cr3+, Pb2+, Cd2+) were investigated in multimetal solutions. >95 % of all the cationic metal ions were removed from 400 mg/L multimetal metal solutions having equal concentrations of each metal at pH 5.5. The experimental adsorption capacities of Cr3+, Cu2+, Pb2+, and, Cd2+ were changed from 39.14, 39.0, 39.20, 37.93 mg/g, to 52.58, 52.70, 45.53, 31.10 mg/g, respectively, for the 400 mg/L and 800 mg/L multimetal solutions suggesting competitive adsorption of the metal ions for active sites. The competitive adsorption studies showed that Cd ions had lower affinity than other metal ions for active sites on APTES grafted agar surface, and adsorption followed in the order of Cu2+ approximate to Cr3+ > Pb2+ > Cd2+. The developed seaweed-derived agar-based porous adsorbent exhibits promise in the removal of several heavy metal ions from wastewater, and this approach would increase the use of natural polysaccharides that are sustainable.